與陳維婷合授

本課程(天氣學一)為理學院大氣科學系三年級學生之必修課程，為二學分，修習本課程之學生建議同時修習天氣學實習一課程。天氣學一上課時間為每周四之上午10:20至12:10, 天氣學實習一上課時間為每周五之下午2:20至5:20。 　　使用的教材係由授課教師參考下列有關天氣學的教科書與講義：陳泰然(1987)、李清勝(2019)、Bluestein (1992，1993)、Carlson (1991)、Wallace and Hobbs (2006)、Lackmann (2011)、Houze (2014)、及 Milrad (2018)，摘取其中適合大三程度之內容，並參考最新的相關資料，綜合整理而成。課程的重點在介紹基本天氣現象與天氣系統、大氣運動的基本原理及天氣診斷分析的理論基礎與應用。此外為增進同學之瞭解並提高學習興趣，常以實際所發生的天氣現象或天氣系統為討論對象。 　　就天氣學整體課程內容而言，大致分成熱力、運動和動力三大部份。課程首先介紹重要天氣現象與觀測、大氣穩定度、運動學和基礎動力學；接著即進入天氣學的主體部份，即氣團、鋒面與鋒生、氣旋與旋生、反氣旋以及高空波動。然後，則在準地轉理論基礎上，探討天氣系統之形成、發展以及如何進行天氣診斷分析；最後則是介紹熱帶大氣特性與颱風之形成、發展和運動。至於有關區域天氣現象和天氣預報部份，則在平時或實習課時探討。天氣學一的課程一般僅介紹至鋒面、鋒生及熱帶氣旋。

課程的目標主要介紹基本天氣現象與天氣系統、大氣運動的基本原理及天氣診斷分析的理論基礎與應用。此外為增進同學之瞭解並提高學習興趣，常以實際所發生的天氣現象或天氣系統為討論對象。 Class outlines: 1. Introduction – meteorological element, World Weather Watch (WWW), weather phenomena and weather maps; review of the equation of state, the hydrostatic approximation and the basic thermodynamics, coordinates. 2. Static stability and its application on weather analysis – thermodynamic charts, parcel instability and layer instability, inversions and processes affecting stability, stability and weather. 3. Kinematics and basic dynamics – kinematics of pressure pattern, kinematics of vorticity, divergence and deformation, basic balance dynamics, thermal wind, ageostrophic wind, vorticity equation, friction. 4. Air mass and surface fronts – air mass definition, origin and transformation, definition and structures of fronts, weather phenomena, frontogenesis. 5. Major Synoptic Weather Types Affecting Taiwan from Reanalysis and Satellite Observation--Synoptic distribution of circulation, temperature, and moisture from reanalysis. Synoptic distribution of rainfall, cloud, and pollution from satellite observation. Weather Systems observed in satellite imagery. Satellite measurements of rainfall, cloud, pollution, moisture. 6. Precipitation Patterns over Taiwan under different Synoptic Weather -- Orographic Lifting and blocking. Local circulation and precipitation hotspots. Land-sea breeze, mountain valley breeze. Cloud-Topped Mixed Layers. Examples. 7. Transport of Air Pollutants over Taiwan under different Synoptic Weather -- Synoptic condition of long-range pollution transport. Boundary layer meteorology. Example.

修習本課程之學生必須修過大氣熱力學與大氣動力學一課程, 並建議同時修習天氣學實習一課程。

1. Bluestein, H., 1992：Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Mid-latitudes. Vol. I, Oxford, 431 pp. 2. -----, 1993：Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Mid-latitudes. Vol. II, Oxford, 594 pp. 3. Carlson, T. N., 1991: Mid-Latitude Weather Systems. London and New York, 505 pp. 4. Wallace and Hobbs, 2006：Atmospheric Science : An Introductory Surrey. Academic Press, 2nd edition, 483 pp. 5. Lackmann, G., 2011: Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology: Dynamics, Analysis, and Forecasting. American Meteorological Society, 345 pp. 6. Houze, R. A., Jr., 2014: Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press, 2nd edition, 432 pp. 7. Milrad, S., 2018: Synoptic Analysis and Forecasting: An Introductory Toolkit. Elsevier Inc., 233 pp. 8. 陳泰然，1987: 天氣學原理，聯經出版社， 337頁。 9. 李清勝，2019：天氣學講義。